Selenium Context Switching: iFrames, Windows & File Uploads (The Zero-Flake Guide)
Modern web apps are rarely “one page, one DOM.” They’re more like mini ecosystems that embed: iFrames (Stripe/PayPal forms, embedded widgets, chat) New tabs/windows (OAuth logins, help docs, external portals) Native file dialogs (OS-controlled pickers) This is exactly where Selenium tests start to “randomly fail”—not because Selenium is broken, but because your test is …
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